References
  1. Keikha M, Esfahani BN. The relationship between tuberculosis and lung cancer. Adv Biomed Res . 2018;7:58.
  2. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2018. World Health Organization; 2018.
  3. Tacconelli E, Carrara E, Savoldi A, Harbarth S, Mendelson M, Monnet DL, Pulcini C, Kahlmeter G, Kluytmans J, Carmeli Y, Ouellette M, et al. Discovery, research, and development of new antibiotics: the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis.Lancet Infect Dis . 2018;18(3):318-27.
  4. Zaniani FR, Moghim S, Mirhendi H, Safaei HG, Fazeli H, Salehi M, Esfahani BN, et al. Genetic Lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates in Isfahan, Iran. Curr Microbiol . 2017;74(1):14-21.
  5. Bialvaei AZ, Asgharzadeh M, Aghazadeh M, Nourazarian M, Kafil HS. Challenges of Tuberculosis in Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol . 2017;10(3).
  6. Xu JJ, Peer S, Papsin BC, Kitai I, Propst EJ. Tuberculous lymphadenitis of the head and neck in Canadian children: Experience from a low-burden region. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol . 2016; 91:11-4.
  7. Lotfian F, Bolursaz MR, Tabarsi P, Velayati A. Comparison Between Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Adolescents. Arch Pediatr Infect Dis . 2017;5(3).
  8. Karabay OĞ, Kilic S, Gurcan S, Pelitli T, Karadenizli A, Bozkurt H, Bostanci S; et al. Cervical lymphadenitis: tuberculosis or tularaemia?Clin Microbiol Infect . 2013;19(2):E113-7.
  9. Oishi M, Okamoto S, Teranishi Y, Yokota C, Takano S, Iguchi H, et al. Clinical study of extrapulmonary head and neck tuberculosis: a single-institute 10-year experience. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol . 2016;20(1):30-3.
  10. Ukekwe FI, Olusina DB, Banjo AA, Akinde OR, Nzegwu MA, Okafor OC, Ocheni S, et al. Tuberculous Lymphadenitis in South‑Eastern Nigeria; a 15 Years Histopathologic Review (2000‑2014). Ann Med Health Sci Res . 2016;6(1):44-9.
  11. Gautam H, Agrawal SK, Verma SK, Singh UB. Cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis: clinical profile and diagnostic modalities. Int J Mycobacteriol . 2018;7(3):212.
  12. Tachibana T, Orita Y, Fujisawa M, Nakada M, Ogawara Y, Matsuyama Y, Abe I, Sato Y, Uesaka K, Nishizaki K, et al. Factors that make it difficult to diagnose cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis. J Infect Chemother . 2013;19(6):1015-20.
  13. Moualed D, Robinson M, Qureishi A, Gurr P. Cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis: diagnosis and demographics, a five-year case series in the UK. Ann R Coll Surg Engl . 2018;100(5):392-6.
  14. Mittal P, Handa U, Mohan H, Gupta V. Comparative evaluation of fine needle aspiration cytology, culture, and PCR in diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis. Diagn Cytopathol . 2011;39:822–6.
  15. Derese Y, Hailu E, Assefa T, Bekele Y, Mihret A, Aseffa A, et al. Comparison of PCR with standard culture of fine needle aspiration samples in the diagnosis of tuberculosis lymphadenitis. J Infect Dev Ctries . 2012;6:53–7.
  16. Omura S, Nakaya M, Mori A, Oka M, Ito A, Kida W, Inayoshi Y, Inoue A, Fuchigami T, Takamori M, et al. A clinical review of 38 cases of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis in Japan–The role of neck dissection. Auris Nasus Larynx . 2016;43(6):672-6.
  17. Das S, Das D, Bhuyan UT, Saikia N. Head and neck tuberculosis: scenario in a tertiary care hospital of North Eastern India. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: J Clin Diagn Res . 2016;10(1):MC04.
  18. Marais BJ, Wright CA, Schaaf HS, Gie RP, Hesseling AC, Enarson DA, Beyers N, et al. Tuberculous lymphadenitis as a cause of persistent cervical lymphadenopathy in children from a tuberculosis-endemic area.Pediatr Infect Dis J . 2006;25(2):142-6.
  19. Katila ML, Brander E, Backman A. Neonatal BCG vaccination and mycobacterial cervical adenitis in childhood. Tubercle . 1987;68(4):291-6.
  20. Ogundipe T, Otolorin A, Ogundipe F, Sran G, Abbas G, Filani O, et al. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis lymphadenitis as the initial presentation of secondary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a case report. Cureus . 2018;10(3).
  21. Datta S, Bhattacherjee S. Primary multi drug resistant extra-pulmonary tuberculosis presenting as cervical lymphadenitis. J Glob Infect Dis . 2014;6(2):91.
  22. Mirsaeidi SM, Tabarsi P, Edrissian MO, Amiri M, Farnia P, Mansouri SD, Masjedi MR, Velayati AA, et al. Primary multi-drug resistant tuberculosis presented as lymphadenitis in a patient without HIV infection. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis . 2004;61(4).
  23. Kant S, Saheer S, Hassan G, Parengal J. Extra-pulmonary primary multidrug-resistant tubercular lymphadenitis in an HIV negative patient. BMJ Case Rep . 2012;2012. pii: bcr0620114337.
  24. Mittal N, Bansal P. Multidrug resistant extrapulmonary tuberculosis – three case reports and review of literature. Intern Med Inside . 2014;2:2.
  25. Pablos-Méndez A, Raviglione MC, Laszlo A. Global surveillance for antituberculosis-drug resistance, 1994-1997. World Health OrganizationInternational Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Working Group on Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance.N Engl J Med . 1998; 338:1641-9.
  26. Nasiri MJ, Rezaei F, Zamani S, Darban-Sarokhalil D, Fooladi AA, Shojaei H, Feizabadi MM, et al. Drug resistance pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients of five provinces of Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Med . 2014;7(3):193-6.
  27. Bahrmand AR, Titov LP, Tasbiti AH, Yari S, Graviss EA. High-level rifampin resistance correlates with multiple mutations in the rpoB gene of pulmonary tuberculosis isolates from the Afghanistan border of Iran. J Clin Microbiol . 2009;47(9):2744-50.
  28. Shamaei M, Marjani M, Chitsaz E, Kazempour M, Esmaeili M, Farnia P, Tabarsi P, Amiri MV, Mirsaeidi M, Mansouri D, Masjedi MR, et al. First-line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance patterns and trends at the national TB referral center in Iran—eight years of surveillance.Int J Infect Dis . 2009;13(5):e236-40.
  29. Brown HM, Abbitt PL, Wilkinson EJ. Diagnosis of clinically unsuspected extrapulmonary tuberculosis by fine needle aspiration: a case report.Acta Cytologica . 2001;45(6):1032-6.
  30. Ormerod LP. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB): epidemiology, prevention and treatment. Br Med Bull . 2005;73(1):17-24.
  31. harma SK, Mohan A, Gupta R, Kumar A, Gupta AK, Singhal VK and Pande JN, et al. Clinical presentation of tuberculosis in patients with AIDS: An Indian experience. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci.1997;39:213-20.
  32. Tarashi S, Fateh A, Jamnani FR, Siadat SD, Vaziri F. Prevalence of Beijing and Haarlem genotypes among multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Iran: systematic review and meta-analysis.Tuberculosis . 2017;107:31-7.
  33. Farnia P, Masjedi MR, Mirsaeidi M, Mohammadi F, Vincent V, Bahadori M, Velayati AA, et al. Prevalence of Haarlem I and Beijing types of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Iranian and Afghan MDR-TB patients. J Infect . 2006;53(5):331-6.
  34. Newberry DM, Bell TR. Congenital Tuberculosis: A New Concern in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Adv Neonat Care . 2018;18(5):341-9.
  35. Hamadeh MA, Glassroth J. Tuberculosis and pregnancy. Chest . 1992;101(4):1114-20.
  36. Ormerod P. Tuberculosis in pregnancy and the puerperium.Thorax . 2001;56(6):494-9.
  37. Cantwell MF, Shehab ZM, Costello AM, Sands L, Green WF, Ewing Jr EP, Valway SE, Onorato IM, et al. Congenital tuberculosis. New Engl J Med . 1994;330(15):1051-4.
  38. Li RL, Wang JL, Wang XF, Wang MS. Tuberculosis in infants: a retrospective study in China. SpringerPlus . 2016;5(1):546.
  39. Shah I, Poojari V, Meshram H. Multi-Drug Resistant and Extensively-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis. Indian J Pediatr . 2020 Feb 26:1-7.
  40. Khazaei S, Rezaeian S. Challenges of achieving tuberculosis elimination by 2050: A need for more attention in the TB control program in Iran. Iran J Public Health . 2017;46(5):717-8.
  41. Elder NC. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: a review. Arch Fam Med . 1992;1(1):91.
  42. Mittal N, Bansal P. Multidrug resistant extrapulmonary tuberculosis – three case reports and review of literature. Intern Med Inside . 2014;2:2.
  43. Lee KC, Tami TA, Lalwani AK, Schecter G. Contemporary management of cervical tuberculosis. Laryngoscope . 1992;102(1):60-4.
  44. Deveci HS, Kule M, Kule ZA, Habesoglu TE. Diagnostic challenges in cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis: A review. North Clin Istanb . 2016;3(2):150.
  45. Azarkar Z, Arbabi A. Comparison of PPD test in household contacts of smear-positive and-negative tuberculosis (TB). Int J Mycobacteriol . 2015;4:95.
  46. Gupta SK, Chugh TD, Sheikh ZA, al-Rubah NA. Cytodiagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis. A correlative study with microbiologic examination. Acta Cytol . 1993;37:329–32.
  47. Dayal R, Agarwal D, Pathak H, Feroz S, Kumar M, Chauhan DS, Bhatia R, et al. PCR targeting IS6110 in diagnosing tuberculosis in children in comparison to MGIT culture. Indian J Tuberc . 2016;63(3):154-7.
  48. Baek CH, Kim SI, Ko YH, Chu KC. Polymerase chain reaction detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from fine-needle aspirate for the diagnosis of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis. Laryngoscope . 2000;110:30–4.
  49. Chiesa Estomba CM, Betances Reinoso FA, Rivera Schmitz T, Ossa Echeverri CC, González Cortés MJ, Santidrian Hidalgo C, et al. Head and neck tuberculosis: 6-year retrospective study. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2016;67:9–14.