Epinephrine releases the inhibition of flowering
Epinephrine (Epi) is a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla which could cause the heart to contract, constricting the blood vessels in the heart, liver, muscles, bones and skin. Abundant evidence indicates that epinephrine modulates memory consolidation in animals (Cahill, & Alkire, 2013). Simultaneously, Epi, which is known to increase cAMP levels in animals is acknowledged for intracellular signal transduction (Hines et al., 2003).
Similarly, in plants, cAMP takes charge of flowering. It is also associated with epinephrine directly and indirectly. The previous research about inhibition of flowering offer broad views that conducted by Epi, inhibition of flowering Lemna paucicostata in blue light or in short days is partially overcome by increased cAMP and Ca2+ (Ives, & Posner, 1982). Furthermore, in leaves cultures, Epi at 10-100 μM can stimulate somatic embryogenesis from orchardgrass (Kuklin, & Conger, 1995). Additionally, previous studies suggested that Epi regulates plant physiology by affecting plant hormone levels, such as stimulating ethylene biosynthesis in suspension cultures (Kuklin, & Conger, 1995). However, knowledge about the function and regulation of epinephrine in plants is still limited.