Critical Appraisal
We conducted critical appraisal using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) 42, selected as appropriate because it was designed to appraise studies with diverse designs and has been validated and reliability tested 43, 44. Each study was appraised independently by two reviewers (JP, MV, ED and a research assistant) who rated each aspect of the study as “yes”, “no”, or “can’t tell” and conferred to reach consensus when they disagreed (Table 2). Consistent with this review methodology and with the MMAT tool, all eligible studies were included, as long as they presented data in evidence of their conclusions 45-47.