References
1. Colilla S, Crow A, Petkun W, Singer DE, Simon T, Liu X. Estimates of
current and future incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation in
the U.S. adult population. Am J Cardiol . Oct 15
2013;112(8):1142-7.
2. Lloyd-Jones DM, Wang TJ, Leip EP, et al. Lifetime risk for
development of atrial fibrillation: the Framingham Heart Study.Circulation . Aug 31 2004;110(9):1042-6.
3. January CT, Wann LS, Calkins H, et al. 2019 AHA/ACC/HRS Focused
Update of the 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients
With Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of
Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice
Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society in Collaboration With the
Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation . Jul 9
2019;140(2):e125-e151.
4. Steffel J, Verhamme P, Potpara TS, et al. The 2018 European Heart
Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of non-vitamin K
antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation.Eur Heart J . Apr 21 2018;39(16):1330-1393.
5. Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, et al. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in
nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med . Sep 8
2011;365(10):883-91.
6. Camm AJ, Amarenco P, Haas S, et al. XANTUS: a real-world,
prospective, observational study of patients treated with rivaroxaban
for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J . Apr 7
2016;37(14):1145-53.
7. Laliberte F, Cloutier M, Nelson WW, et al. Real-world comparative
effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban and warfarin in nonvalvular
atrial fibrillation patients. Curr Med Res Opin . Jul
2014;30(7):1317-25.
8. Lip GY. Stroke and bleeding risk assessment in atrial fibrillation:
when, how, and why? Eur Heart J . Apr 2013;34(14):1041-9.
9. Wang SV, Schneeweiss S, Gagne JJ, et al. Using Real-World Data to
Extrapolate Evidence From Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin
Pharmacol Ther . May 2019;105(5):1156-1163.
10. Camm AJ, Amarenco P, Haas S, et al. Real-world vs. randomized trial
outcomes in similar populations of rivaroxaban-treated patients with
non-valvular atrial fibrillation in ROCKET AF and XANTUS.Europace . Mar 1 2019;21(3):421-427.
11. Amin A, Keshishian A, Trocio J, et al. Risk of stroke/systemic
embolism, major bleeding and associated costs in non-valvular atrial
fibrillation patients who initiated apixaban, dabigatran or rivaroxaban
compared with warfarin in the United States Medicare population.Curr Med Res Opin . Sep 2017;33(9):1595-1604.
12. Blonde L, Khunti K, Harris SB, Meizinger C, Skolnik NS.
Interpretation and Impact of Real-World Clinical Data for the Practicing
Clinician. Adv Ther . Nov 2018;35(11):1763-1774.
13. Kim H, Kim H, Cho SK, Kim JB, Joung B, Kim C. Cost-Effectiveness of
Rivaroxaban Compared to Warfarin for Stroke Prevention in Atrial
Fibrillation. Korean Circ J . Mar 2019;49(3):252-263.
14. Oldgren J, Alings M, Darius H, et al. Risks for stroke, bleeding,
and death in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving dabigatran or
warfarin in relation to the CHADS2 score: a subgroup analysis of the
RE-LY trial. Ann Intern Med . Nov 15 2011;155(10):660-7, W204.
15. Goodman SG, Wojdyla DM, Piccini JP, et al. Factors associated with
major bleeding events: insights from the ROCKET AF trial (rivaroxaban
once-daily oral direct factor Xa inhibition compared with vitamin K
antagonism for prevention of stroke and embolism trial in atrial
fibrillation). J Am Coll Cardiol . Mar 11 2014;63(9):891-900.
16. Mahaffey KW, Stevens SR, White HD, et al. Ischaemic cardiac outcomes
in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with vitamin K antagonism
or factor Xa inhibition: results from the ROCKET AF trial. Eur
Heart J . Jan 2014;35(4):233-41.
17. Hankey GJ, Stevens SR, Piccini JP, et al. Intracranial hemorrhage
among patients with atrial fibrillation anticoagulated with warfarin or
rivaroxaban: the rivaroxaban once daily, oral, direct factor Xa
inhibition compared with vitamin K antagonism for prevention of stroke
and embolism trial in atrial fibrillation. Stroke . May
2014;45(5):1304-12.
18. Sherwood MW, Nessel CC, Hellkamp AS, et al. Gastrointestinal
Bleeding in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Treated With Rivaroxaban
or Warfarin: ROCKET AF Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol . Dec 1
2015;66(21):2271-2281.
19. Andrade C. Understanding relative risk, odds ratio, and related
terms: as simple as it can get. J Clin Psychiatry . Jul
2015;76(7):e857-61.
20. Camm AJ, Coleman CI, Larsen TB, Nielsen PB, Tamayo CS. Understanding
the Value of Real-World Evidence: Focus on Stroke Prevention in Atrial
Fibrillation with Rivaroxaban. Thromb Haemost . May 2018;118(S
01):S45-S60.
21. Escobar C, Marti-Almor J, Perez Cabeza A, Martinez-Zapata MJ. Direct
Oral Anticoagulants Versus Vitamin K Antagonists in Real-life Patients
With Atrial Fibrillation. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) . Apr 2019;72(4):305-316.
22. Bai Y, Deng H, Shantsila A, Lip GY. Rivaroxaban Versus Dabigatran or
Warfarin in Real-World Studies of Stroke Prevention in Atrial
Fibrillation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Stroke . Apr
2017;48(4):970-976.
23. Chen JY, Zhang AD, Lu HY, Guo J, Wang FF, Li ZC. CHADS2 versus
CHA2DS2-VASc score in assessing the stroke and thromboembolism risk
stratification in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review
and meta-analysis. J Geriatr Cardiol . Sep 2013;10(3):258-66.