Invasive range studied |
Plant invader |
First
record of invader |
Pathogen |
First record of
pathogen on invader |
Time to first disease observation |
Pathogen effect |
Extent of dieback in field |
References |
South Africa |
Acacia cyclops |
1835 |
Pseudolagarobasidium
acaciicola |
1969 |
100-150 |
85-100% mortality |
High (77% of
plants) |
(Wood &
Ginns 2006; Impson et al. 2011; Kotzé et al.
2015) |
Austria |
Ailanthus altissima |
late 1700s |
Verticillium
nonalfalfae |
1997 |
>200 |
75-100% mortality |
Low
(3-9% of sites) |
((Maschek &
Halmschlager 2016, 2017, 2018) |
USA |
Ailanthus altissima |
1784 |
Verticillium
nonalfalfae |
1915 |
100-150 |
70-100% mortality |
High (66% of trees
infected; 47% dead) |
(Schall &
Davis 2009; Kasson et al. 2014; O’Neal & Davis 2015; Brooks
et al. 2020) |
USA
|
Alliaria petiolata
|
1868-1890
|
Erysiphe cruciferarum
|
2001
|
100-150
|
100% mortality;
50% reduction in seed production
|
Low (30% of populations susceptible)
|
(Blossey
et al. 2001; Enright & Cipollin 2007; Cipollini & Enright 2009;
Cipollini et al. 2020)
|
Hungary |
Ambrosia artemisiifolia |
1920s |
Septoria
epambrosiae sp. nov. |
1997 |
<100 |
leaves necrotic and
occasionally plant death |
Limited research |
(Bohár & Schwarczinger
1999; Farr & Castlebury 2001) |
Hungary |
Asclepias syriaca |
1737 |
Fusarium
sporotrichioides |
2016 |
>200 |
disease symptoms and no
seed production |
Limited research |
(Tóth et al.
2018) |
USA |
Bromus tectorum |
1860s to 1890s |
Pyrenophora
semeniperda |
2000 |
100-150 |
7-50% seed mortality |
Low (23% field
killed seeds) |
(Beckstead
et al. 2007; Meyer et al. 2008, 2016; Mordecai
2013) |
USA |
Bromus tectorum |
1860s to 1890s |
Ustilago bullata |
1937 |
<100 |
~60% infection rate |
Moderate (26-60% of plots) |
(Fischer 1937;
Meyer et al. 2001, 2008; Prevéy & Seastedt 2015) |
USA |
Centaurea maculosa* |
late 1800s |
Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae
|
1995 |
100-150 |
stem necrosis and dieback |
Low (36% of plants) |
(Kearing 1996; Kearing
et al. 1997) |
USA |
Centaurea maculosa* |
late 1800s |
Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum |
1971 |
<100 |
0-100% mortality |
High
(60-80% reduction in density) |
(Jacobs et
al. 1996; Ridenour & Callaway 2003; García De la Cruz et al.
2018) |
USA |
Centaurea diffusa |
1907 |
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum |
1971 |
<100 |
Disease symptoms |
Limited research |
(Watson et al.
1974) |
South Africa |
Hakea sericea |
1858 |
Colletotrichum
gloeosporioides** |
1969 |
100-150 |
30-98% mortality |
High
(predicted 82% decrease) |
(Richardson
& Manders 1985; Morris 1989, 1991; Gordon 1999; Esler et al.
2010) |
USA |
Lonicera maackii |
1898 |
Insolibasidium deformans |
2012 |
100-150 |
50% infection; 60-83% decrease in relative growth
rate |
Moderate (62%, 30% dead stems) |
(Cunnington
& Pascoe 2003; Boyce et al. 2014, 2020; Boyce 2018; Klingeman
et al. 2019) |
USA |
Lythrum salicaria |
1920-1939 |
Peyronellaea
glomerata |
2014 |
<100 |
64% mortality |
Limited research |
(Crocker et al.
2016) |
USA
|
Microstegium vimineum
|
1919
|
Bipolaris sp.
e.g microstegii
|
2009
|
<100
|
40% decrease in seed head production
|
Moderate (54% of sites)
|
(Kleczewski &
Luke Flory 2010; Flory et al. 2011a; Stricker et al. 2016;
Bruckart et al. 2017)
|
Australia |
Mimosa pigra |
1891 |
Botryodiplodia***
theobromae |
1988 |
<100 |
35-85% mortality |
Moderate
(52% of sites) |
(Wilson & Pitkethley
1992; Sacdalan 2015) |
USA |
Phragmites australis |
before 1900 |
Pythium
phragmitis |
2010 |
100-150 |
100% mortality |
Limited research |
(Crocker et al.
2015) |
USA |
Phragmites australis |
before 1900 |
Fusarium
sporotrichioides |
2014 |
100-150 |
100% mortality |
Limited research |
(Crocker et al.
2016) |
USA |
Rosa multiflora |
1866 |
rose rosette disease (Emaravirus) |
1961 |
<100 |
88-98% mortality |
High (86% infection, 36%
decrease in population density) |
(Amrine
et al. 1990; Epstein et al. 1997; Smith et al.
2010; Di Bello et al. 2015; Pemberton et al.
2018) |
Australia
|
Rubus anglocandicans
|
mid 1800s
|
Phytophthora sp.
e.g bilorbang sp. nov.
|
2005
|
150-200
|
18-55% mortality
|
High (90% decrease in cover)
|
(Aghighi et
al. 2012, 2014, 2016)
|