Figure 11 The potential solving strategies towards the future high-safety and high-energy-density metal batteries based on the lithium alloys anodes.
Finally, we want to emphasize that more efforts should be devoted to develop the Li-containing alloys anodes suitable for Li-S batteries and Li-air batteries, as firstly, the energy density of LIBs is limited, which could not meet the future electric vehicles and grid energy storage markets; secondly as the higher reduction of polysulfide anions in Li-S batteries and higher oxidation of superoxide radical anions in Li-air batteries, some of Li-containing alloy anodes may be used stably in LIBs but not stable in Li-S and Li-air batteries. Therefore, Li metal protection in Li-S and Li-air batteries is more complicated compared with lower energy density LIBs. In a word, we believe that through our unremitting efforts, the Li-containing alloys anodes will show great potentials in the high-safety and high-energy-density battery systems.