RESULTS
Of the nine traits examined in this study, pollinators were implicated as agents of selection on four (three defence-related and one attractive), and herbivores on two (one defence-related and one attractive) (Fig. 1). Pollinators generally imposed stronger selection pressures than herbivores as a whole, and only pollinator-mediated selection appeared to constitute an important component of ‘total’ selection overall (Table S2) – i.e., for dihydroxybenzoic acid (net positive selection) and shikimic acid (net negative selection). Conflicting selection – where pollinators and herbivores exerted selection in opposing directions – was observed for inflorescence density, for which these agents imposed positive and negative selection respectively. However, each of the above selection regimes was in addition seen to be diffuse – meaning that the strength of selection by one agent was context-depended upon (or modified by) the presence or ecological effects of the other (Fig. 1).