Fig. 5. Root exudation at the apical and basal root zones of chickpea genotypes with contrasting drought resistance.
One early flowering (EF) and two late flowering (LF1 and LF2) chickpea genotypes were evaluated. (a) principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) was based on the abundance of 34 detected root exudates and Bray-Curtis distance between samples. (b) three chemical groups of root exudates influenced by chickpea genotypes and root zones. (c) rhizosphere soil pH at apical and basal zones of chickpea genotypes. (d) the root exudation compounds with Log2 fold changes of EF/LF > 1 or < -1.. The same lowercase letters (uppercase letter for the total root exudates) indicated no significant differences (P < 0.05) between genotypes based on Tukey HSD post-hoc pairwise comparison test. * indicated the FDR-adjusted P < 0.01.