Maternal CVD risk factors according to the delivery of a SGA vs AGA infant
Four studies reported on conventional CVD risk factors between women who gave birth to SGA compared to AGA infants (table 1)7-10. Two studies classified SGA as birthweight <10th population centile7, 10, one as birthweight <5th population centile9 and the other as birthweight <10th customised birthweight centile8. Two studies were conducted on normotensive women who gave birth to SGA infants8, 9. Four studies compared SBP and DBP between women who gave birth to SGA infants compared to those who gave birth to AGA infants. Of these, two studies reported significantly higher SBP7, 9 and one study reported significantly higher DBP7 among women who gave birth to SGA infants after adjusting for confounding factors (table 1). BMI was reported in one study which found no significant difference between the two comparison groups7. Three studies compared lipids between the two study groups7, 9, 10. Of these, two reported significantly higher serum triglycerides9, 10 and one significantly higher LDL cholesterol9 among women who gave birth to SGA infants compared to those who gave birth to AGA infants (table 1). Blood glucose was reported in three studies7, 9, 10 and insulin level in one study9. All results on blood glucose and insulin were not statistically significantly different between the two comparison groups (table 1). Results of two studies were included in the meta-analyses on SBP and DBP7, 8. The pooled analyses did not show a significant difference in SBP or DBP between women who gave birth to SGA compared to AGA infants (Supplementary figures 1 and 2).