Data sources and Search strategy
This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines6. The review protocol is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019138399). We searched the electronic databases, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINHAL, and Web of Science with an end of search date of May 6, 2019. Subsequently, we updated the literature search to include all relevant articles published until May 31, 2020. The search was conducted by ZL. The search strategy is detailed in the supplementary file. Bibliographies of previously conducted systematic reviews and meta-analyses on closely related topics, and eligible studies were checked for additional studies. Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts of studies (PA, MP, AA, ZL). Data extraction was also conducted by two reviewers independently (PA, ZL). Disagreements were resolved by discussion within the team.