Methods
We conducted a survey of six poultry farms and human contacts of
affected farms in Nkawkaw. A suspected case-farm of HPAI was any farm in
Nkawkaw with sudden death of bird(s), with or without clinical signs of
HPAI from June 1 to July 10, 2018. Six bird carcasses were collected on
affected farms for laboratory analysis. We interviewed owners of
affected farms and assessed the farm environments, as well as clinical
status of human contacts.