Conclusions
The immune system is complex, dynamic and integrated in function so as to fight against foreign substances (antigen) such as infection and cancer. The results of the response are not only to eliminate the foreign material through humeral (antibodies) and cell -mediated mechanisms, but, to confer protection against future contact with the antigen through memory B and T cell formation, and that forms the basis of passive and active immunity (vaccinations). The improving knowledge of the immune system has expanded the role of immunotherapy and vaccine therapy in oncology. However, the immunodeficiency diseases, autoimmune disease and the hypersensitivity reactions remain the major short-comings of the immune response.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We acknowledge the late Professor Anomah Ngu for his pioneering work on immunotherapy and vaccination for HIV/ AIDS, and along with the late Professor Beltus Bejanga remained the auhors’ mentors in the practice of surgical oncology in Cameroon.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare no competing interests
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
EPW was the main author, EN contributed to literature search
CONSENT
Not applicable
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restriction.
ORCID
Elroy Patrick Weledji @https://orcid.
Org/0000.0002.0473.4883