Variable n (%)
Complications Complications
Low cardiac output syndrome 47 (15)
Perioperative myocardial infarction 18 (6)
Permanent neurologic deficit 69 (22)
Permanent focal neurologic deficit (stroke) 25 (8)
Permanent non-focal neurologic deficit (coma) 30 (10)
Permanent spinal deficit (paraplegia and paraparesis) 13 (4)
Permanent monoparesis 1 (0.3%)
Temporary neurologic deficit 43 (14)
Reexploration for bleeding 39 (12)
Sepsis 24 (8)
Gastrointestinal complications 47 (15)
Pulmonary complications 130 (41)
Renal failure requiring dialysis 91 (29)
Death Death
Intraoperative death 13 (4)
In-hospital mortality 53 (17)
30-day mortality 81 (26)
Causes of in-hospital mortality Causes of in-hospital mortality
Intractable low cardiac output syndrome 26 (49)
Intractable low cardiac output syndrome and respiratory failure 3 (6)
Multiorgan failure 6 (11)
Major brain damage 16 (30)
Sepsis 2 (4)