Smoking and e-cigarettes
The association of asthma development and smoking has been extensively studied for conventional cigarettes.34 Extensive hazard to respiratory system have been recently reported in multiple studies.35-38 A study evaluated the impact of electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco products on asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR). The survey in Korean middle and high school students could not determine these tobacco products to be a risk factor on their own, however, in combination with conventional cigarettes they could worsen asthma and AR status of children.39