AF= atrial fibrillation; ACE= angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB= angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI= body mass index; CHF= congestive heart failure; COPD= chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRTD= cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator; ICD= implantable cardioverter defibrillator; EF= ejection fraction; LA= left atrial dimension; NOAC= novel oral anti-coagulant; SPAP= systolic pulmonic arterial pressure; TEE= trans-esophageal echocardiography.