Figure Legends:
Figure 1 . (a) Poyang Lake
is located at the south bank of Yangtze River. It receives inflows from
five tributary rivers (i.e., Xiushui, Ganjiang, Fuhe, Xinjiang, and
Raohe) and discharges into Yangtze River at Hukou. The study area
(marked as black square) was located at the southeast of Poyang Lake.
(b) Two sites, named A and B, were chosen at floodplains formed in
Ganjiang River to measure the flow velocity. (c) and (d) Positions of
all measurement cases in sites A and B. Black arrows show the flow
direction.
Figure
2 . (a) Water level variation (in days) in Duchang Hydrological Station
in the year of 2015. Velocity measurements were conducted from August 18
to August 24, which was marked as the red square in the figure. (b) Wind
speed (maximum in hours) measured by Poyang Lake Wetland Observation
Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, located in Xingzi from Aug. 18 to
24. Blue arrows denote the direction toward which the wind is blowing,
with northward up and eastward to the right.
Figure
3 . (a) Power spectral density (PSD) of the instantaneous velocityuu measured near the water surface (z = 55
cm with z = 0 representing the bottom) of case A4. Grey circles
show the domain of wave signal with its boundaries labeled asfl and fh . Outside the
wave domain (marked as black line) is the spectra of turbulence. Red
dashed line presents the best linear fit for the amplitude within the
frequency range of fL ~fl and fh~ fH . (b) Time series of the
instantaneous velocities demonstrating the decomposition of the original
velocity (black line) into time-averaged (green line), wave (red line),
and turbulent (blue line) velocities using the method of spectral
decomposition.
Figure
4 . Vertical distributions of the time-averaged velocity (U ),
wave energy percentage (Pw ), wave orbital
velocity (Uw ), and turbulent kinetic energy
(TKE ) for the bare-bed case S0. Dashed line in (b) presentsPw = 10%. The red and blue dashed curves in (c)
show the predictions of linear wave theory using eqs. (6) and (7),
respectively.
Figure 5. Vertical
distributions of the time-averaged horizontal velocity,Uhoriz , for cases with vegetation. The upper five
plots and lower five plots present velocity profiles measured in sites A
and B, respectively. Blue and green dashed lines show the positions of
water surface and the top of vegetation, respectively. The absence of
green dashed lines in some plots indicated that the vegetation was under
emergent conditions. Sketch of the vegetation was also present with the
velocity profile for each case.
Figure 6 . Vertical
distributions of wave velocity (Uw ) for vegetated
cases. The horizontal (Uw_horiz ) and vertical
(Uw_vert ) components were considered separately
and marked as grey circles and blue triangles, respectively, in the
figure. Measurement points with Pw_u <
10% in the lower part of water column were excluded from each profile.
For each plot, the red and blue dashed curves show the prediction ofUw_horizand Uw_vert by eqs. (6) and (7) with the wave
amplitude estimated by fitting eq. (6) to measuredUw_horiz at the highest three measurement
points. Predictions of Uw_horiz andUw_vert were overlap for cases A5 (e), B4 (i),
and B5 (j). Please note that the scale of x -axis was different
between cases.
Figure
7 . Vertical distribution of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE )
for vegetated cases. Upper five plots and lower five plots presentTKE profiles measured in sites A and B, respectively. TheTKE for the measurement points with Pw_u< 10% near the bed was calculated by eq. (8) using original
instantaneous velocity. Blue and green dashed lines show the positions
of water surface and the top of vegetation, respectively. Sketch of the
vegetation for each case was present with the TKE profile.