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\begin{document}

\title{An evolutionary trade-off between parasite virulence and dispersal at
experimental invasion fronts}



\author[1]{Louise Nørgaard}%
\author[2]{Giacomo Zilio}%
\author[2]{Camille Saade}%
\author[2]{Claiire Gougat-Barbera}%
\author[1,1]{Matthew Hall}%
\author[2]{Emanuel Fronhofer}%
\author[2]{Oliver Kaltz}%
\affil[1]{Monash University}%
\affil[2]{University of Montpellier}%


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  \date{May 08, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Changing environments and habitat structure likely affect
eco-evolutionary processes involved in the spatial spread of disease.
Exploitative parasites are predicted to evolve in highly connected
populations or in expanding epidemics. However, many parasites rely on
host dispersal to reach new populations, potentially causing conflict
between local transmission and global spread. We performed experimental
range expansions in interconnected microcosms of the protozoan
Paramecium caudatum, allowing natural dispersal of hosts infected with
the bacterial parasite Holospora undulata. Parasites from range front
treatments were less virulent and interfered less with host dispersal,
but also invested less in horizontal transmission than parasites from
range cores. An epidemiological model fitted on experimental time-series
data confirmed this trade-off between dispersal adaptation and
transmission, so far rarely considered in theoretical models. Our study
illustrates the importance of the ecology and evolution of
dispersal-related traits in spatial non-equilibrium scenarios, including
emerging diseases, metapopulations or biological invasions.%
\end{abstract}%



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