Strengths and limitation
We believe this study is the first to provide a systematic, comprehensive and updated evaluation of the effects of ACEIs/ARBs on all the reported COVID-19 related clinical outcomes including exploration of inter-class differences between ACEIs and ARBs as well as multiple sub-group analyses. However, our study has limitations. Since all included studies were observational studies, the effect of confounding including residual confounders cannot be ruled out. There is also the possibility that new studies have been published since our review. However, we included non-peer reviewed articles published in medRxiv to help address this.