Statistical Analysis
All statistical results were analyzed using the Statistical Package for
the Social Sciences version 21.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) for
Microsoft Windows. Mean and median values, standard deviation, and
frequency values were calculated for the descriptive statistical data. A
chi-squared test was used to compare ratios in categorical variables.
Due to the low number of participants, the Shapiro–Wilk normality test
was used to determine whether the study data were normally distributed.
The Friedman test was used for the data that did not show normal
distribution, and an evaluation of normally-distributed data was made by
repeated measurement analysis. A Spearman’s rank correlation test was
used for the data that was not normally distributed, and the
relationship among the normally-distributed data was evaluated using a
Pearson correlation analysis. A p value of <.05 was considered
statistically significant.