WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS TOPIC?
Re-transurethral resection (Re-TUR) surgery is recommended to prevent misclassification or to resect invisible residual tumors after the index transurethral resection of bladder (TUR-B) according to index pathology.  If there is no muscle tissue in pathology specimen or the index TUR-B is incomplete, complementary TUR-B should be performed. However, Re-TUR is a totally different procedure from complementary TUR-B. Re-TUR is performed after complete TUR-B. The necessity of re-TUR was not uniformly accepted and there is a significant gap in the literature for choosing the optimal re-TUR patients.