CONCLUSIONS
Residual tumour is common after index TUR-B. The re-TUR is definitely required to detect this residual tumour and to reveal the cancer upstaging. It should be noted that re-TUR is critically important in high-risk NMIBC, presence of hydronephrosis, CIS, LVI, variant pathology, size (3 cm>) and multiple number of tumour. However shared decision-making would be useful in determining the re-TUR indication for selected patients. The effect of re-TUR on recurrence and progression in NMIBC is still a dilemma.