SARS-CoV-2
infection phase
|
Medication
|
Indication
|
Mechanism of action
|
AIFA authorization
|
Phase I and II
Viral growth containment
|
Darunavir/cobicistat
Lopinavir/ritonavir
|
HIV treatment
|
Inhibition of viral replication by the binding and inactivation of the
3CLpro and PL2pro proteases
|
Off-label use restricted to RCTs
(last update July 17th 2020)
|
|
Hydroxychloroquine
Chloroquine
|
Antimalarials, antirheumatics
|
Increasing of endosomal pH crucial for virus-cell fusion
|
Off-label use restricted to RCTs
(last update July 22th 2020)
|
|
Remdesivir*
|
Ebola virus
|
In vitro and in vivo activity against SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and
SARS-CoV
|
Compassionate use
|
|
Ribavirin*
|
Chronic HCV and RSV infections
|
Guanosine analogue that interferes with the replication of RNA and DNA
viruses
|
Compassionate use
|
Phase III
Inflammation and coagulation control
|
Azithromycin
|
Antibacterial for systemic use
|
Downregulation of adhesion molecules of cell surface, reduction of
pro-inflammatory cytokines production
|
Authorized out of RCTs only in SARS-CoV-2 positive adult patients with
bacterial infections
(last update May 5th 2020)
|
|
Canakinumab*
|
Arthritis, autoinflammatory fever, Still’s disease (IL-1 β
antibody)
|
Reduction of SARS-CoV-2 induced pneumonia and inflammation
|
Compassionate use
|
|
Enoxaparin
|
Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism
|
Containment of thrombotic phenomena from the pulmonary circulation
|
Off-label use
|
|
Tocilizumab
|
RA (IL-6 receptor antibody)
|
Reduction of SARS-CoV-2 induced pneumonia and inflammation
|
Off-label use
|
|
Ruxolitinib*
|
Myelofibrosis (inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2 kinases)
|
Reduction of SARS-CoV-2 induced pneumonia and inflammation
|
Compassionate use
|
|
Solnatide*
|
Pseudo-hypoaldosteronism 1B
|
In study to treat pulmonary permeability edema in Austria and
Germany
|
Compassionate use
|