SARS-CoV-2 infection phase
Medication
Indication
Mechanism of action
AIFA authorization
Phase I and II Viral growth containment Darunavir/cobicistat Lopinavir/ritonavir
HIV treatment
Inhibition of viral replication by the binding and inactivation of the 3CLpro and PL2pro proteases
Off-label use restricted to RCTs
(last update July 17th 2020)
Hydroxychloroquine Chloroquine
Antimalarials, antirheumatics
Increasing of endosomal pH crucial for virus-cell fusion
Off-label use restricted to RCTs
(last update July 22th 2020)
Remdesivir*
Ebola virus
In vitro and in vivo activity against SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV
Compassionate use
Ribavirin*
Chronic HCV and RSV infections
Guanosine analogue that interferes with the replication of RNA and DNA viruses
Compassionate use
Phase III Inflammation and coagulation control
Azithromycin
Antibacterial for systemic use
Downregulation of adhesion molecules of cell surface, reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines production
Authorized out of RCTs only in SARS-CoV-2 positive adult patients with bacterial infections
(last update May 5th 2020)
Canakinumab*
Arthritis, autoinflammatory fever, Still’s disease (IL-1 β antibody)
Reduction of SARS-CoV-2 induced pneumonia and inflammation
Compassionate use
Enoxaparin
Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism
Containment of thrombotic phenomena from the pulmonary circulation
Off-label use
Tocilizumab
RA (IL-6 receptor antibody)
Reduction of SARS-CoV-2 induced pneumonia and inflammation
Off-label use
Ruxolitinib*
Myelofibrosis (inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2 kinases)
Reduction of SARS-CoV-2 induced pneumonia and inflammation
Compassionate use
Solnatide*
Pseudo-hypoaldosteronism 1B
In study to treat pulmonary permeability edema in Austria and Germany
Compassionate use