Study
Sample size
Sample size
Age (Mean, SD)
Age (Mean, SD)
Depression score (Mean, SD) Depression score (Mean, SD) Anxiety score (Mean, SD) Anxiety score (Mean, SD)
E Co E Co E Co PROM E Co PROM
As-Sanie (2012) 17 17 26.1 ± 1.5 25.9 ± 1.6 12.5 ± 7.2 2.4 ± 2.8 CES-D 18.3 ± 4.5 12.5 ± 2.3 STPI
Facchin (2015) 110 61 32.9 ± 2.3 27.9 ± 4.4 7.7 ± 2.2 6.5 ± 3.5 HADS 5.9 ± 2.2 4.7 ± 3.1 HADS
Friedl (2015) 62 61 33.4 ± 5.4 29.6 ± 7.3 5.9 ± 4.5 5.7 ± 3.1 HADS 3.4 ± 3.8 4.2 ± 4.3 HADS
Grundström (2018) 13 55 26.2 ± 6.4 30.2 ± 5.6 8.1 ± 4.6 2.3 ± 2.4 HADS 9.4 ± 5.4 4.6 ± 3.4 HADS
Laganà (2015) 166 48 36.0 ± 6.0 38.4 ± 12.8 59.3 ± 12.8 52.0 ± 13.0 SDS 58.2 ± 11.5 50.5 ± 12.9 SAS
Melis (2015) 41 40 31.5 ± 6.4 30.4 ± 5.1 14.3 ± 11.9 4.7 ± 4.7 BDI 17.0 ± 13.0 7.4 ± 6.9 BAI
Quiñones (2015) 31 36 29.1 ± 1.2 31.7 ± 2.4 - - - 2.2 ± 0.8 2.0 ± 0.6 STAI
Renaer (1979) 22 23 - - 61.8 ± 11.0 50.5 ± 9.3 MMPI 52.2 ± 9.0 44.9 ± 9.3 MMPI
Rocha (2015) 24 25 32.9 ± 9.0 35.4 ± 6.7 9.6 ± 5.0 6.4 ± 4.1 HADS 8.3 ± 4.6 6.5 ± 5.0 HADS
Shatford (1988) 23 212 32 32 4.5 ± 4.2 4.6 ± 6.3 BDI 33.0 ± 9.2 33.9 ± 10.8 STAI
Shaw (1995) 17 38 30.9 ± 7.5 35.0 ± 4.9 11.2 ± 6.6 5.7 ± 4.8 BDI 43.1 ± 14.5 37.5 ± 10.6 STAI
Stratton (2015) 18 20 32.1 ± 8.0 35.4 ± 8.8 32.4 ± 16.9 14.4 ± 17.1 DHP 36.6 ± 17.7 19.9 ± 21.0 DHP