2.1 Study population
This retrospective observational study enrolled patients who underwent
conventional RVP (n=200) or LBBAP (n=65) performed by operators without
previous LBBAP experience between December 2020 and October 2021 at
Yonsei University Severance Hospital in the Republic of Korea. All
patients who required ventricular lead implantation during this period
were included. For the learning curve analysis, patients who underwent
dual-chamber pacemaker implantation by a single experienced operator
were divided into a group that underwent conventional RVP (n=65) and a
group that underwent LBBAP (n=50) (Figure 1). This study was followed
the ethical rules of the Declaration of Helsinki (2013) of the World
Medical Association, and approved by the Institutional Review Board of
Yonsei University Health System. Following strict confidentiality
guidelines, personally identifiable information were removed after the
database was created and therefore exempt from prior consent
requirements.