Results
Macrolide exposure was recorded for 307 cases, 72 non-genetic controls,
57 genetic controls. AOR for CHD was not significantly raised (AOR 0.94,
95%CI: 0.70 – 1.26 vs non-genetic controls; AOR 1.01, 95%CI: 0.73 –
1.41 vs genetic controls), nor significantly raised for any specific
macrolide. The risk of atrioventricular septal defect was significantly
raised with exposure to any macrolide (AOR 2.98; 95%CI: 1.48 – 6.01),
erythromycin (AOR 3.68, 95%CI: 1.28 – 10.61), and azithromycin (AOR
4.50, 95%CI: 1.30 – 15.58). Erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin
and clindamycin, were also associated with an increased risk of at least
one other CA. Meta-analysis gave an overall CHD OR 1.14, 95%CI 0.90
–1.49 for macrolides.