Material Methods
In this prospective descriptive study, patients who diagnosed and
treated due to COVID-19 in our clinic between April 1, 2020 and May 31,
2020 were included. This study was approved by the local Ethics
Committee and conducted according to the principles of World Medical
Association Declaration of Helsinki ‘Ethical Principles for Medical
Research Involving Human Subjects.
A total of 91 male patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were enrolled to
study. Patients with COVID-19 between 18 and 75 years of were included
in the study. Patients who were found to have missing data during data
recording, evaluation or analysis were excluded from the study. To
evaluate testicular pain or epididymo-orchitis in patients with
COVID-19, some questions related with urological complaints such as
urinary system symptoms, previous surgical and medical history, or the
presence of epididymo-orchitis were assessed in all patients. Patients’
neutrophil and lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein levels, D-dimer
values and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios were recorded. Patients with
COVID-19 were divided into two groups according to absence or presence
of testicular pain as group 1 and group 2. 81 patients in group 1 and 10
patients in group 2 were enrolled to the study. All results of
questionnaire form and laboratory tests were compared for both groups.
Data analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics 20.0 software . The
normality hypothesis was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test during
data analysis. All variables were non-normally distributed. Quantitative
variables were expressed as median . Qualitative variables were
expressed as presence or absence percentage, and Chi-square test was
applied. Mann–Whitney’s U-test was used to evaluate all non-normally
distributed variables. A p<0.05 was considered statistically
significant in all analyses.