Survival
Remoteness was identified as a significant survival factor for the entire cohort of patients with leukaemia (p=0.004, Fig. 1B). Five-year overall survival was 91.7% (95% CI = 87.9%-94.3%) for children with ALL (Table 3), ranging from 92.2% for non-Aboriginal children to 82.4% for Aboriginal children (p=0.07). The 5-year overall survival was 69.8% (95% CI = 56.7-79.5%) for children with AML (Table 3). Unlike ALL, there was no trend for a difference in AML survival according to ethnicity (p=0.88). Analysis according to leukaemia type revealed a trend for inferior survival for children from remote and very remote localities for both ALL (p=0.08) and AML (p=0.08) (Table 3). Since a larger population of Aboriginal patients come from remote areas, there is an overlap between remoteness and Aboriginal ethnicity. No significant differences in survival were found by either state/territory or SES for ALL or AML (Table 3).