Running Title: Bloodless Surgery
Aimee-Louise Chambault1 BSc, Louise J Brown1 PhD BSc, Sophie Mellor1 BSc, Amer Harky2,3,4 MRCS, MSc
  1. Medical School, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
  2. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Liverpool Heart and Chest, Liverpool, UK
  3. Department of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
  4. Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
Corresponding Author
Amer Harky
MRCS, MSc
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital
Liverpool, UK
Email: aaharky@gmail.com
Tel: +44-151-600-1616
Funding: no funding obtained
Conflict of Interest: authors declare no conflict of interest
Key Words: Jehovah’s Witness, bloodless surgery, transfusion, outcomes, cardiac surgery, blood products