Introduction
More than 1 in 10 of the world’s infants, of more than 15 million children, was born prematurely1. As the second leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years of age, prematurity remains a global health problem1. The most immature preterm infants are more likely to need ventilation support and supplemental oxygen because of their immature lung. Prematurity followed with amnion infection, growth restriction, oxygen toxicity, and volutrauma and barotrama from mechanical ventilation may interrupt normal pulmonary alveolarization and vascularization development and thus create a clinical scenario of lung injury with pathophysiological effects that can extend beyond infancy into adulthood2,3. Instead of the eosinophil-mediated inflammation and atopy typical of asthma, the survivors of preterm birth of recurrent broncho-obstructive symptoms result from abnormal growth and development of the architecture of the lung 4. We report a case of lung atelectasis due to plastic bronchitis in a 26-month-old toddler who was born at 29+6 weeks gestational age.