References
1. Benet, L. Z. 1985. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of bepridil. Am J
Cardiol 55(7):8c-13c.
2. Aonuma. K., Shiga, T., and H. Atarashi, et al. 2017. Guidelines for
therapeutic drug monitoring of cardiovascular drugs clinical use of
blood drug concentration monitoring (JCS 2015) - digest version. Circ J
81(4):581-612.
3. Yasuda, M., Nakazato, Y., and A. Sasaki, et al. 2006. Clinical
evaluation of adverse effects during bepridil administration for atrial
fibrillation and flutter. Circ J 70(6):662-666.
4. Yamashita, T., Ogawa, S., and T. Sato, et al. 2009. Dose-response
effects of bepridil in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation
monitored with transtelephonic electrocardiograms: a multicenter,
randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study (J-BAF Study). Circ J
73(6):1020-1027.
5. Shiga, T., Suzuki, A., Naganuma, M., Hosaka, F., Shoda, M., and N.
Hagiwara. 2011. Clinical outcome in patients with paroxysmal or
persistent atrial fibrillation receiving bepridil. Circ J
75(6):1334-1342.
6. Harder, D. R., and N. Sperelakis. 1981. Bepridil blockade of
Ca2+-dependent action potentials in vascular smooth muscle of dog
coronary artery. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 3(4):906-914.
7. Anno, T., Furuta, T., Itoh, M., Kodama, I., Toyama, J., and K.
Yamada. 1984. Electromechanical effects of bepridil on rabbit isolated
hearts. Br J Pharmacol 81(1):41-47.
8. Wang, J. C., Kiyosue, T., Kiriyama, K., and M. Arita. 1999. Bepridil
differentially inhibits two delayed rectifier K(+) currents, I(Kr) and
I(Ks), in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. Br J Pharmacol
128(8):1733-1738.
9. Epstein, A. E., DiMarco, J. P., and K. A. Ellenbogen, et al. 2013.
2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update incorporated into the ACCF/AHA/HRS 2008
guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: a
report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart
Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm
Society. Circulation 127(3):e283-e352.
10. Eldar, M., Griffin, J. C., and J. A. Abbott, et al. 1987. Permanent
cardiac pacing in patients with the long QT syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol
10(3):600-607.
11. Eldar, M., Griffin, J. C., and G. F. Van Hare, et al. 1992. Combined
use of beta-adrenergic blocking agents and long-term cardiac pacing for
patients with the long QT syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 20(4):830-837.
12. Oosterhoff, P., Thomsen, M. B., and J. N. Maas, et al. 2010.
High-rate pacing reduces variability of repolarization and prevents
repolarization-dependent arrhythmias in dogs with chronic AV block. J
Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 21(12):1384-1391.
13. Keren, A., Tzivoni, D., Golhman, J. M., Corcos, P., Benhorin, J.,
and S. Stern. 1981. Ventricular pacing in atypical ventricular
tachycardia. J Electrocardiol 14(2):201-205.
14. Tötterman, K. J., Turto, H., and T. Pellinen. 1982. Overdrive pacing
as treatment of sotalol-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias (torsade de
pointes). Acta Med Scand Suppl 668:28-33.
15. Davison, E. T.. 1985. Amitriptyline-induced torsade de dointes.
Successful therapy with atrial pacing. J Electrocardiol 18(3):299-301.
Figure Legends
Figure 1. 12-lead electrocardiogram at pacemaker clinic
Figure 2. Electrocardiogram and arterial blood pressure monitoring at
the electrophysiology laboratory. A. QT prolongation just after
pacemaker reprograming to lower heart rate setting. B. TdP occurrence
and termination by 150 J defibrillation (black arrow). ABP: arterial
blood pressure; TdP: torsade de pointes.