RESULTS
We identified 10,429 unique patients who met study inclusion criteria.
Among these, we excluded 3,596 patients who had missing information
leaving us with an overall sample size of 6,893 patients with an
inpatient or outpatient encounter (Figure 1). Among these patients,
4,018 were hospitalized, and 720 had a history of cancer. Table 1
reports patient characteristics overall and by mortality status among
hospitalized patients (primary analysis). Among the 4,018 hospitalized
patients, the average age was 64, 1,844 (46%) were female, 1,060 (26%)
were Black, 374 (9%) had a history of cancer, and 1,045 (26%) died.
Table 2 reports multivariable results for the primary and secondary
analyses. For the primary analysis, patients with a history of cancer
had 33% increased adjusted odds of mortality compared to patients
without a history of cancer (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.05, 1.69). This
effect appeared to be largely driven by the increased risk associated
specifically with lung cancer. Patients with lung cancer had 144%
increased adjusted odds of mortality compared to patients without a
history of cancer (OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.05, 4.39). Patients with
kidney cancer, bladder, cancer, hematological cancer, and all
genitourinary cancers did not have an increased mortality risk compared
to patients without a history of cancer. Further, patients with prostate
cancer had 71% increased adjusted odds of mortality compared to
patients with other cancers (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.02, 2.92). Finally,
patients with kidney cancer (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.18, 0.95) and those
with all genitourinary cancers had lower odds of hospitalization
compared to other cancers. We did not observe any other statistically
significant effects.