1.1 Patient characteristics
The current study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Shanghai Children’s Medical Center affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine. As the study design was a retrospective review of prospectively collected data the need for informed consent was waived. From January 2017 to June 2019, 9354 cases with congenital heart disease (CHD) were undergone open-heart surgery in SCMC and 441 were neonates,27 cases required support postoperatively (26 VA-ECMO cases, 1 ventricular assist device case). The ventricular assist device infant and three children supported with ECMO less than 24h were excluded, and 23 patients (15 male, 8 female) was analyzed. Mean age was 9.08 ± 8.02 days (range: 0–25 days) and mean birth weight was 3170 ± 535 g (range, 2300–4500 g). The diseases were IAA/COA (n = 10), D-TGA (n = 8), PA (n = 2), TAPVC (n = 1), DORV (n=1), and coronary artery-right ventricular fistula (n = 1).