1.3 Complications
Complications were categorized: (1) surgical site bleeding (cannulation or surgical site bleeding requiring an intervention); (2) brain injury (central nervous system hemorrhage, infarction causing ischemic injury); (3) gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (fecal occult blood test is positive, hematemesis, melena or bloody stool); (4) mechanical complication (oxygenator or pump failure, air in circuits); (5) infection (culture positive infection); (6) residual malformation (residual shunt or obstruction, moderate or severe reflux).