1.3 Complications
Complications were categorized: (1) surgical site bleeding (cannulation
or surgical site bleeding requiring an intervention); (2) brain injury
(central nervous system hemorrhage, infarction causing ischemic injury);
(3) gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (fecal occult blood test is positive,
hematemesis, melena or bloody stool); (4) mechanical complication
(oxygenator or pump failure, air in circuits); (5) infection (culture
positive infection); (6) residual malformation (residual shunt or
obstruction, moderate or severe reflux).