Co-morbidities associated with airway malacia
Fifty-eight (89.2%) patients had other co-morbidities associated with
airway malacias. Type of airway malacia and association with other
conditions was shown in Table 5 . Congenital lung disease
includes congenital diaphragmatic hernia, congenital lobar emphysema and
mature cystic teratoma. Of 3 (4.6%) oesophageal atresia, 2 were
associated with TOF, while one was isolated. Four patients (6.2%) had
both GERD and swallow dysfunction. Diagnosis of dysmorphic patients were
Down Syndrome, Pierre Robin Syndrome, DiGeorge Syndrome, Silver Russell
Syndrome, Noonan Syndrome, VACTERL association and Chromosome 14q
Terminal Deletion Syndrome. Eight (12.3%) patients were classified as
primary idiopathic airway malacia. Twenty-two (33.8%) patients were
born before 37 weeks and eight of them had a history of bronchopulmonary
dysplasia (BPD). Forty-six patients with malacia (70.8%) had a
paediatric and/or neonatal intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization
history. Among those patients with ICU hospitalization history, 31
(67.3%) patients had invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) and one
(2.1%) had non-invasive MV treatment.