Patients
In accordance with American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) guideline, 390 patients, who were admitted or consulted to our clinic between June 2014 and June 2020, underwent flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) and 410 FB procedures were performed2,3. Sixty-five patients were diagnosed with lower airway malacia. Written informed consent was obtained from the families of all patients before bronchoscopy. Demographic and clinical features, radiological findings, video image records of bronchoscopy and prognoses of the patients with lower airway malacia were evaluated retrospectively.