Sample and data collection
Participants were 392 parents of children with hematological
malignancies recruited from three children’s hospitals in Shanghai,
Jiangsu, and Chongqing, China. The survey was conducted from May 2018 to
April 2020. The eligible criteria for parents and children were as
follows: (1) the child met the diagnostic criteria for hematological
malignancy11Zhang ZN, Shen T. Diagnostic and therapeutic
criteria of hematologic diseases. Beijing: Science Press; 2007. by
bone marrow cytology, immunohistochemical and genetic analysis, or
histochemical staining, (2) the child was under treatment and was less
than 15 years old, (3) the child had no other serious or chronic
diseases, (4) the parent had high school diplomas or higher education,
and could communicate fluently in Mandarin, (5) the parent took the
major responsibility for the daily caregiving of the child, (6) the
parent volunteered for the survey. This survey received ethical review
approval from the Naval Medical University (NO.HJEC-2018-YF-001). The
participants were informed of the aim of this study before the survey
was conducted. No procedures were performed until participants signed
the informed consent.