A 62-year-old male patient was admitted to undergo aortic valve
replacement surgery for severe aortic stenosis. As part of preoperative
preparation, carotid duplex ultrasonography (CDU) showed the presence of
bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) and bilateral internal
carotid artery occlusion (BICAO). A computed tomography (CT) angiography
showed occlusion of the right common carotid artery (CCA) (Figures 1,2)
and the right internal carotid artery (ICA) at the origin with poor
retrograde filling of C7, C6, and C5 segment (Figure 2). Also, there
were occlusions of the left CCA (Figures 1,2) and the left ICA at the
origin with poor retrograde filling of C7, C6, and C5 segment (Figure
2). The external carotid arteries were filled by collaterals (Figure 2).
The right vertebral artery (VA) was occluded at its origin (Figures
1,2), with retrograde filling up to the mid-V2 segment. There was no
significant stenosis in the left VA (Figures 1,2). The Circle of Willis
was normal, unchanged. Endocranial CT showed the existence of hypodense
changes in white mass, primarily of chronic micro-ischemic genesis.
BCCAO associated with BICAO and unilateral VA occlusion is extremely
rare. In their case report, Lai et al presented, after reviewing the
literature, 7 more previously described cases of patients with
BCCAO.1 None of these cases had associated BICAO and
unilateral VA occlusion.
The unique nature of CDU and CT angiography findings in our patient,
designated him a high-risk patient for developing a perioperative
stroke. Aortic valve replacement was performed in the standard fashion
using the cardiopulmonary bypass. No neurological deficit was apparent
on emergence from anesthesia, and the patient was extubated after 8
hours. After 10 days he was discharged in good overall condition.
Reference
1. Lai SL, Chen YC, Weng HH, et al. Bilateral common carotid artery
occlusion–a case report and literature review. J Neurol Sci
2005;238(1-2):101-4.
Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that there are no
conflict of interests.
Ethics statement: Informed consent was obtained in writing form
from the patient.