References
- Lipworth B, Manoharan A,
Anderson W. Unlocking the quiet zone: the small airway asthma
phenotype. Lancet Respir Med. 2014;2(6):497-506.
- Popa V. ATS guidelines for methacholine and exercise challenge
testing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163(1):292-293.
- Bao W, Zhang X, Lv C, et al. The Value of Fractional Exhaled Nitric
Oxide and Forced Mid-Expiratory Flow as Predictive Markers of
Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness in Adults with Chronic Cough. J Allergy
Clin Immunol Pract. 2018;6(4):1313-1320.
- Drewek R, Garber E, Stanclik S, Simpson P, Nugent M, Gershan W. The
FEF25-75 and its decline as a predictor of methacholine responsiveness
in children. J Asthma. 2009;46(4):375-381.
- van der Wiel E, Postma DS, van der Molen T, Schiphof-Godart L, Ten
Hacken NH, van den Berge M. Effects of small airway dysfunction on the
clinical expression of asthma: a focus on asthma symptoms and
bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Allergy. 2014;69(12):1681-1688.
- Lang A, Carlsen KH, Haaland G, et al. Severe asthma in childhood:
assessed in 10 year olds in a birth cohort study. Allergy.
2008;63(8):1054-1060.
- Backer V, Mortensen J. Distribution of radioactive aerosol in the
airways of children and adolescents with bronchial
hyper-responsiveness. Clin Physiol. 1992;12(5):575-585.
- Pliss LB, Ingenito EP, Ingram RH Jr. Responsiveness, inflammation, and
effects of deep breaths on obstruction in mild asthma. J Appl Physiol
(1985). 1989;66(5):2298-2304.
- Shi Y, Aledia AS, Galant SP, George SC. Peripheral airway impairment
measured by oscillometry predicts loss of asthma control in children.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131(3):718-723.
- Manoharan A, von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff A, Morrison A, Lipworth BJ.
Effects of formoterol or salmeterol on impulse oscillometry in
patients with persistent asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol.
2016;137(3):727-33.e1.
- Arıkoglu T, Unlu A, Yıldırım DD, Kuyucu S. The airway
hyperresponsiveness to methacholine may be predicted by impulse
oscillometry and plethysmography in children with well-controlled
asthma. J Asthma. 2018;55(11):1166-1173.
- Wagner EM, Liu MC, Weinmann GG, Permutt S, Bleecker ER. Peripheral
lung resistance in normal and asthmatic subjects. Am Rev Respir Dis.
1990;141(3):584-588.
- Dweik RA, Boggs PB, Erzurum SC, et al. An official ATS clinical
practice guideline: interpretation of exhaled nitric oxide levels
(FENO) for clinical applications. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
2011;184(5):602-615.
- Madan K, Hadda V, Khilnani GC, Guleria R. Isolated reduction of the
FEV3/FVC ratio as an indicator of mild airflow obstruction. Chest.
2014;145(3):662.
- Piorunek T, Kostrzewska M, Stelmach-Mardas M, et al. Small Airway
Obstruction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Potential
Parameters for Early Detection. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;980:75-82.
- Morris ZQ, Coz A, Starosta D. An isolated reduction of the FEV3/FVC
ratio is an indicator of mild lung injury. Chest.
2013;144(4):1117-1123.
- Coates AL, Wanger J, Cockcroft DW, et al. ERS technical standard on
bronchial challenge testing: general considerations and performance of
methacholine challenge tests. Eur Respir J. 2017;49(5):1601526.
- Wagner EM, Liu MC, Weinmann GG, Permutt S, Bleecker ER. Peripheral
lung resistance in normal and asthmatic subjects. Am Rev Respir Dis.
1990;141(3):584-588.
- DeLong ER, DeLong DM, Clarke-Pearson DL. Comparing the Areas under Two
or More Correlated Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves: A
Nonparametric Approach. Biometrics. 1988; 44(3):837-845.
- Altman DG, Bland JM. Diagnostic tests 2: Predictive values. BMJ.
1994;309(6947):102.
- Youden WJ. Index for rating diagnostic tests. Cancer. 1950
Jan;3(1):32-35.
- Thornbury JR, Fryback DG, Edwards W. Likelihood ratios as a measure of
the diagnostic usefulness of excretory urogram information. Radiology.
1975;114(3):561-565.
- Hung J, Chaitman BR, Lam J, et al. A logistic regression analysis of
multiple noninvasive tests for the prediction of the presence and
extent of coronary artery disease in men. Am Heart J.
1985;110(2):460-469.
- Castro M, Corren J, Pavord ID, et al. Dupilumab Efficacy and Safety in
Moderate-to-Severe Uncontrolled Asthma. N Engl J Med.
2018;378(26):2486-2496.
- Beretta C, Rifflart C, Evrard G, Jamart J, Thimpont J, Vandenplas O.
Assessment of eosinophilic airway inflammation as a contribution to
the diagnosis of occupational asthma. Allergy. 2018;73(1):206-213.
- Sadeghi-Hashjin G, Folkerts G, Henricks PA, et al. Peroxynitrite
induces airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs in vitro and in
vivo. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;153(5):1697-1701.
- Jatakanon A, Lim S, Kharitonov SA, Chung KF, Barnes PJ. Correlation
between exhaled nitric oxide, sputum eosinophils, and methacholine
responsiveness in patients with mild asthma. Thorax. 1998;53(2):91-95.
- Song WJ, Kim HJ, Shim JS, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of fractional
exhaled nitric oxide measurement in predicting cough-variant asthma
and eosinophilic bronchitis in adults with chronic cough: A systematic
review and meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;140(3):701-709.
- Chatkin JM, Ansarin K, Silkoff PE, et al. Exhaled nitric oxide as a
noninvasive assessment of chronic cough. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
1999;159(6):1810-1813.
- Schleich FN, Asandei R, Manise M, Sele J, Seidel L, Louis R. Is FENO50
useful diagnostic tool in suspected asthma?. Int J Clin Pract.
2012;66(2):158-165.
- Schneider A, Schwarzbach J, Faderl B, Welker L, Karsch-Völk M, Jörres
RA. FENO measurement and sputum analysis for diagnosing asthma in
clinical practice. Respir Med. 2013;107(2):209-216.
- Cirillo I, Klersy C, Marseglia GL, et al. Role of FEF25%-75% as a
predictor of bronchial hyperreactivity in allergic patients. Ann
Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006;96(5):692-700.
- He L, Wei M, Luo J, et al. Re-evaluation of the diagnostic value of
fractional exhaled nitric oxide & its impact in patients with
asthma. Indian J Med Res. 2018;148(4):441-448.
- Feng-Jia C, Xin-Yan H, Geng-Peng L, Yang-Li L, Can-Mao X. Validity of
fractional exhaled nitric oxide and small airway function indices in
diagnosis of cough-variant asthma. J Asthma. 2018;55(7):750-755.
- Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Brusasco V, et al. Interpretative strategies
for lung function tests. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(5):948-968.
- Lee H, Chang B, Kim K, et al. Clinical Utility of Additional
Measurement of Total Lung Capacity in Diagnosing Obstructive Lung
Disease in Subjects with Restrictive Pattern of Spirometry. Respir
Care. 2016;61(4):475-482.
- Forno E, Han YY, Mullen J, Celedón JC. Overweight, Obesity, and Lung
Function in Children and Adults-A Meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin
Immunol Pract. 2018;6(2):570-581.e10.
- Marotta A, Klinnert MD, Price MR, Larsen GL, Liu AH. Impulse
oscillometry provides an effective measure of lung dysfunction in
4-year-old children at risk for persistent asthma. J Allergy Clin
Immunol. 2003;112(2):317-322.
- Heijkenskjöld Rentzhog C, Janson C, Berglund L, et al. Overall and
peripheral lung function assessment by spirometry and forced
oscillation technique in relation to asthma diagnosis and control.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2017;47(12):1546-1554.
- Farr RS, Kopetzky MT, Spector SL, Hurewitz DS. Asthma without
wheezing. Chest. 1973;63:Suppl:64S-68S.
- Global Initiative for Asthma. 2016 GINA Report, Global Strategy for
Asthma Management and Prevention. Available at:http://ginasthma.org/2016-gina-reportglobal-strategy-for-asthma-management-and-prevention.
Accessed November 23, 2016.
- Taniguchi H, Furuse H, Nakanishi Y, et al. Bronchial biopsy and
reactivity in patients with chest tightness relieved with
bronchodilator. J Asthma. 2017;54(5):479-487.
- Shen H, Hua W, Wang P, Li
W.
A new phenotype of asthma: chest tightness as the sole presenting
manifestation. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2013;111(3):226-227.
- Taniguchi H, Kanbara K, Hoshino K, Izumi S. Chest pain relieved with a
bronchodilator or other asthma drugs. Allergol Int.
2009;58(3):421-427.
Table 1. Demographic data,
spirometric variables, IOS variables, and values for FENO and peripheral
eosinophils of patients with positive or negative bronchial provocation
tests