Conflict of interest
All authors have reported that no potential conflicts of interest exist with any companies/organizations whose products or services may be discussed in this article.
Author contributions
Wuping Bao, Xue Zhang, and Min Zhang conceived of and designed the entire study.
Xue Zhang, Huijuan Hao and Chengjian Lv contributed to data collection.
Wuping Bao, Luhong Bao, Yishu Xue, Lei Han, Xue Zhang, and Xin Zhou were involved in interpreting spirometric assessments, bronchial provocation tests, IOS measurements, and FENO data.
Wuping Bao, Xue Zhang, Junfeng Yin, and Zhixuan Huang performed the statistical analyses.
Wuping Bao and Xue Zhang wrote the manuscript, supervised by Min Zhang.
All authors critically reviewed and approved the final version.
All authors agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.