Year |
2019 |
2009 |
2008 |
2014 |
2011 |
2006 |
Country of origin |
USA |
Brazil |
India |
USA |
Italy |
USA |
Type of study |
RCT |
RCT |
RCT |
NRSI |
NRSI |
NRSI |
Study period |
2010-2013 |
1999-2004 |
2000-2005 |
1993-2011 |
2003-2008 |
1993-2004 |
Follow-up, median, m |
12 |
36 |
44 |
38 |
30 |
13.5 |
No. of patients |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cox-Maze |
66 |
20 |
40 |
256 |
109 |
41 |
PVI |
67 |
20 |
40 |
68 |
32 |
31 |
Age, mean±SD, y |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cox-Maze |
68.2±10.4 |
51.7±12.4 |
37.1±11.1 |
62 |
64±9 |
64±9.3 |
PVI |
71.3±10.3 |
55.1±9.2 |
40.9±11.4 |
68 |
65±8 |
66±12 |
Female gender (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cox-Maze |
42.4 |
75 |
52.5 |
NR |
28 |
51 |
PVI |
43.3 |
70 |
50 |
NR |
44 |
48 |
Longstanding persistent AF (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cox-Maze |
54.6 |
100 |
100 |
55 |
100 |
*54m |
PVI |
50.8 |
100 |
100 |
19 |
100 |
*3m |
XCT, mean±SD, min |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cox-Maze |
107.4±44 |
78.5±15.9 |
NR |
59±5 |
74±6 |
NR |
PVI |
98.4±38.7 |
74.8±19.2 |
NR |
65±6 |
73±7 |
NR |
CPB time, mean±SD, min |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cox-Maze |
152.4±60.8 |
123±21 |
NR |
103±7 |
112 |
NR |
PVI |
143.3±65.9 |
99.9±23.8 |
NR |
90±8 |
110 |
NR |
Rate of MV repair (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cox-Maze |
56.1 |
55 |
2.5 |
NR |
64 |
76 |
PVI |
62.7 |
60 |
7.5 |
NR |
72 |
68 |
LAAO (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cox-Maze |
100 |
100 |
NR |
100 |
100 |
100 |
PVI |
100 |
100 |
NR |
70 |
100 |
100 |
Recurrence of AF at 12 m (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cox-Maze |
23 |
15 |
20 |
13 |
17 |
8 |
PVI |
36 |
10 |
12.5 |
30 |
35 |
11 |
Mortality at 12 m (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cox-Maze |
6.1 |
15 |
10 |
2 |
1.4 |
2 |
PVI |
7.5 |
5 |
10 |
10 |
6.0 |
2 |
Stroke at 12 m (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cox-Maze |
1.5 |
NR |
NR |
1 |
NR |
2 |
PVI |
4.5 |
NR |
NR |
1 |
NR |
2 |
Follow-up monitoring protocol |
Transtelephonic monitoring |
ECG |
ECG |
ECG |
24h Holter ECG |
ECG |