Conclusion:
Overall, the present study provided support for the utility of an intervention informed by an integrated theoretical model, incorporating aspects of both the TPB and the HAPA, targeting a critical behaviour (i.e., carbohydrate counting) for a clinical population of individuals with T2D. These results were encouraging not only in improving cognitions and showing promise, especially for constructs in the volitional phase of decision making, but also self-reported behaviour and a biochemical outcome. The intervention did not support a change in low-fat food consumption nor physical activity. Further research is needed to assess the more prolonged-term effects of interventions with a focus on carbohydrate counting and to attain generalized adherence to key management behaviours among this at-risk group to reduce the negative health consequences for people with a T2D diagnosis.