REFERENCES
  1. Alvarez-Fuente M, Arruza L, Muro M, Zozaya C, Avila A, López-Ortego P, González-Armengod C, Torrent A, Gavilán JL, Del Cerro MJ. The economic impact of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Eur J Pediatr 2017;176:1587-1593.
  2. Islam JY, Keller RL, Aschner JL, Hartert TV, Moore PE. Understanding the short- and long-term respiratory outcomes of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015;192:134-156.
  3. Malleske DT, Chorna O, Maitre NL. Pulmonary sequelae and functional limitations in children and adults with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Paediatr Respir Rev 2018; 26:55-9.
  4. McGrath-Morrow SA, Collaco JM. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: what are its links to COPD? Ther Adv Respir Dis 2019;13:1-15.
  5. Been JV, Lugtenberg MJ, Smets E, van Schayck CP, Kramer BW, Mommers M, Sheikh A. Preterm birth and childhood wheezing disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 2014;11: e1001596.
  6. Pérez-Tarazona S, Solano P, Bartoll E, Alfonso J. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia as a risk factor for asthma in school children and adolescents: A systematic review. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2018;46:87-98.
  7. Baraldi E, Filippone M. Chronic lung disease after premature birth. N Engl J Med 2007;357:1946-1955.
  8. Jobe AH, Bancalari E. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:1723-1729.
  9. Ellwood P, Asher MI, Billo NE, Bisell K, Chiang CY, Ellwood EM, El-Sony A, García-Marcos L, Mallol J, Marks GB, et al. The Global Asthma Network rationale and methods for Phase I global surveillance: prevalence, severity, management and risk factors. Eur Respir J 2017;49:1601605.
  10. Ravens-Sieberer U, Bullinger M. Assessing health-related quality of life in chronically ill children with the German KINDL: First psychometric and content analytical results. Qual Life Res. 1998;7:399-407.
  11. ISAAC Steering Committee. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. 2nd ed. Auckland/Münster. ISAAC Phase One Manual;1993.
  12. Quanjer PH, Stanojevic S, Cole TJ, Baur X, Hall GL, Culver BH, Enright PL, Hankinson JL, Ip MS, Zheng J, et al. Multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry for the 3–95-yr age range: the global lung function 2012 equations. Eur Respir J 2012;40:1324-1343.
  13. Stanojevic S, Graham BL, Cooper BG, Thompson BR, Carter KW, Francis RW, Hall GL. Official ERS technical standards: Global Lung Function Initiative reference values for the carbon monoxide transfer factor for Caucasians. Eur Respir J 2017;50:1700010.
  14. Rosenthal M, Cramer D, Bain SH, Denison D, Bush A, Warner JO. Lung function in white children aged 4 to 19 years: II–Single breath analysis and plethysmography. Thorax 1993;48:803-808.
  15. Graham BL, Steenbruggen I, Miller MR, Barjaktarevic IZ, Cooper BG, Hall GL, Hallstrand TS, Kaminsky DA, McCarthy K, McCormack MC, et al. Standardisation of spirometry 2019 update. An official American Respiratory Society and European Respiratory Society technical statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019;200:e70-e88.
  16. Graham BL, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Cooper BG, Jensen R, Kendrick A, Macintyre NR, Thompson BR, Wanger J. 2017 ERS/ATS standards for single-breath carbon monoxide uptake in the lung. Eur Respir J 2017;49:1600016.
  17. Wanger J, Clausen JL, Coates A, Pedersen OF, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Crapo R, Enright P, van der Grinten CP, et al. Standardisation of the measurement of lung volumes. Eur Respir J 2005;26:511-522.
  18. Kaplan E, Bar-Yishay E, Prais D, Klinger G, Mei-Zahav M, Mussaffi H, Steuer G, Hananya S, Matyashuk Y, Gabarra N, et al. Encouraging pulmonary outcome for surviving, neurologically intact, extremely premature infants in the postsurfactant era. Chest 2012;142:725-733.
  19. Gibson AM, Doyle LW. Respiratory outcomes for the tiniest or most immature infants. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2014;19:105-111.
  20. Doyle LW, Irving L, Haikerwal A, Lee K, Ranganathan S, Cheong J. Airway obstruction in young adults born extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight in the postsurfactant era. Thorax 2019;74:1147-1153.
  21. Fawke J, Lum S, Kirkby J, Hennessy E, Marlow N, Rowell V, Thomas S, Stocks J. Lung function and respiratory symptoms at 11 years in children born extremely preterm: The EPICure study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010;182:237-245.
  22. Ronkainen E, Dunder T, Peltoniemi O, Kaukola T, Marttila R, Hallman M. New BPD predicts lung function at school age: Follow-up study and meta-analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015;50:1090-1098.
  23. Joshi S, Powell T, Watkins WJ, Drayton M, Williams EM, Kotecha S. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in school-aged children who had chronic lung disease in infancy. J Pediatr 2013;162:813-818.
  24. Cazzato S, Ridolfi L, Bernardi F, Faldella G, Bertelli L. Lung function outcome at school age in very low birth weight children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2013;48:830-837.
  25. Fortuna M, Carraro S, Temporin E, Berardi M, Zanconato S, Salvadori S, Lago P, Frigo AC, Filippone M, Baraldi E. Mid-childhood lung function in a cohort of children with ”new bronchopulmonary dysplasia”. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:1057-1064.
  26. Narayanan M, Beardsmore CS, Owers-Bradley J, Dogaru CM, Mada M, Ball I, Garipov RR, Kuehni CE, Spycher BD, Silverman M. Catch-up alveolarization in ex-preterm children: evidence from (3)He magnetic resonance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013;187:1104-1109.
  27. Pelkonen AS, Hakulinen AL, Turpeinen M. Bronchial lability and responsiveness in school children born very preterm. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;156:1178-1184.
  28. Baraldi E, Bonetto G, Zacchello F, Filippone M. Low exhaled nitric oxide in school-age children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and airflow limitation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005;171:68-72.
  29. Hakulinen AL, Järvenpää AL, Turpeinen M, Sovijärvi A. Diffusing capacity of the lung in school-aged children born very preterm, with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Pulmonol 1996;21:353-360.
  30. Satrell E, Røksund O, Thorsen E, Halvorsen T. Pulmonary gas transfer in children and adolescents born extremely preterm. Eur Respir J 2013;42:1536-1544.
  31. Um-Bergström P, Hallberg J, Pourbazargan M, Berggren-Bromström E, Ferrara G, Eriksson MJ, Nyrén S, Gao J, Lilja G, Lindén A, et al. Pulmonary outcomes in adults with a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia differ from patients with asthma. Respir Res 2019;20:102.
  32. Kotecha SJ, Dunstan FD, Kotecha S. Long term respiratory outcomes of late preterm-born infants. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2012;17:77-81.
  33. Vrijlandt EJLE, Reijneveld SA, Aris-Meijer JL, Bos AF. Respiratory health in adolescents born moderately-late preterm in a community-based cohort. J Pediatr 2018;203:429-436.
  34. Thunqvist P, Gustafsson PM, Schultz ES, Bellander T, Berggren-Bromström E, Norman M, Wickman M, Melén E, Hallberg J. Lung function at 8 and 16 years after moderate-to late preterm birth: a prospective cohort study. Pediatrics 2016;137:e20152056.
  35. Todisco T, de Benedictis FM, Iannacci L, Baglioni S, Eslami A, Todisco E, Dottorini M. Mild prematurity and respiratory functions. Eur J Pediatr 1993;152:55-58.
  36. Colin AA, McEvoy C, Castile RG. Respiratory morbidity and lung function in preterm infants of 32 to 36 weeks’ gestational age. Pediatrics 2010;126:115-128.
  37. Näsänen-Gilmore P, Sipola-Leppänen M, Tikanmäki M, Matinolli HM, Eriksson JG, Järvelin MR, Vääräsmäki M, Hovi P, Kajantie E. Lung function in adults born preterm. PLoS One 2018;13:e0205979.
  38. Lai CK, Beasley R, Crane J, Foliaki S, Shah J, Weiland S; International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase Three Study Group. Global variation in the prevalence and severity of asthma symptoms: phase three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Thorax 2009;64:476-483.
  39. Vieira ME, Linhares MB. Quality of life of individuals born preterm: a systematic review of assessment approaches. Qual Life Res 2016;25:2123-2139.
  40. Bozzetto S, Carraro S, Tomasi L, Berardi M, Zanconato S, Baraldi E. Health-related quality of life in adolescent survivors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Respirology 2016;21:1113-1117.