Participants
NIV programs at the two participating hospitals were reviewed to identify the subjects. The inclusion criteria were children 0-18 years of age who have used NIV for a minimum of three months outside of an acute-care setting. We define NIV as any method of breathing support that provides positive airway pressure through an interface outside of the airway, including CPAP, and BPAP. As the goal included capturing information on long-term outcomes, patients who were recommended NIV but were not able to initiate it were excluded. No restrictions in terms of underlying conditions were applied to the inclusion criteria.