Age (mean ± SD) |
51.6 ± 16.07 |
42.34 ± 16.23 |
54.01 ± 12.65 |
59.36 ±
14.14 |
Sex |
|
|
|
|
Male |
298 (67%) |
86 (55.1%) |
108 (71.1%) |
105
(76.6%) |
Female |
147 (33%) |
70 (44.9%) |
44 (28.9%) |
32
(23.4%) |
Duration of illness [median (IQR) days] |
7 (3-10) |
3 (0-7) |
7
(5-10) |
7 (5-10) |
Co-morbids |
|
|
|
|
Diabetes |
162 (36.4%) |
28 (17.9%) |
70 (46.1%) |
64
(46.7%) |
Hypertension |
167 (37.5%) |
30 (19.2%) |
65 (42.8%) |
72
(52.6%) |
Ischemic heart disease |
74 (16.6%) |
10 (6.4%) |
25 (16.4%) |
39
(28.5%) |
Chronic kidney disease |
31 (7%) |
2 (1.3%) |
13 (8.6%) |
16
(11.7%) |
Malignancy |
22 (4.9%) |
8 (5.1%) |
5 (3.3%) |
9
(6.6%) |
Stroke |
10 (2.2%) |
0 (0%) |
3 (2%) |
7 (5.1%) |
Chronic liver disease |
8 (1.8%) |
4 (2.6%) |
1 (0.7%) |
3
(2.2%) |
Symptoms |
|
|
|
|
Fever |
312 (70.1%) |
83 (53.2%) |
126 (82.9%) |
103
(75.2%) |
Cough |
239 (53.7%) |
56 (35.9%) |
103 (67.8%) |
80
(58.4%) |
Shortness of breath |
238 (53.5%) |
24 (15.4%) |
100 (65.8%) |
114
(83.2%) |
Sore throat |
48 (10.8%) |
22 (14.1%) |
18 (11.8%) |
8
(5.8%) |
Myalgias |
52 (11.7%) |
21 (13.5%) |
16 (10.5%) |
15
(10.9%) |
Radiologic findings |
|
|
|
|
Normal |
96 (21.6%) |
93 (59.6%) |
3 (2%) |
1 (0.7%) |
Bilateral involvement |
291 (65.4%) |
32 (20.5%) |
133 (87.5%) |
126
(92%) |
Unilateral involvement |
34 (7.6%) |
10 (6.4%) |
17 (11.2%) |
7
(5.1%) |
Patchy infiltrates |
293 (65.8%) |
33 (21.2%) |
137 (90.1%) |
123
(89.8%) |
Multilobar involvement |
178 (40%) |
14 (9%) |
85 (55.9%) |
79
(57.7%) |
Consolidation |
48 (10.8%) |
7 (4.5%) |
18 (11.8%) |
23
(16.8%) |
CURB score [median (IQR)] |
1 (0-2) |
0 (0) |
1 (0-1) |
2
(1-3) |
Laboratory Investigations |
|
|
|
|
C-Reactive Protein <150 mg/L |
252 (56.6%) |
96 (61.5%) |
105 (69.1%) |
51 (37.2%) |
C-Reactive Protein >=150 mg/L |
193 (43.4%) |
60 (38.5%) |
47 (30.9%) |
86 (62.8%) |
LDH <500 IU/L |
235 (52.8%) |
81 (51.9%) |
109 (71.7%) |
45
(32.8%) |
LDH>=500 IU/L |
210 (47.2%) |
75 (48.1%) |
43 (28.3%) |
92 (67.2%) |
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio <5 |
255 (57.3%) |
118
(75.6%) |
95 (62.5%) |
42 (30.7%) |
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio >=5 |
190 (42.7%) |
38
(24.4%) |
57 (37.5%) |
95 (69.3%) |
Ferritin <1500 ng/ml |
249 (56%) |
84 (53.8%) |
104 (68.4%) |
61 (44.5%) |
Ferritin>=1500 ng/ml |
196 (44%) |
72 (46.2%) |
48
(31.6%) |
76 (55.5%) |
Type of Ward |
|
|
|
|
ICU Admission |
68 (15.3%) |
0 (0%) |
1 (0.7%) |
67
(48.9%) |
SCU Admission |
148 (33.3%) |
12 (7.7%) |
75 (49.3%) |
61
(44.5%) |
Ward admission |
223 (50.1%) |
141 (90.4%) |
76 (50%) |
6
(4.4%)i
|
Treatment |
|
|
|
|
Non-invasive ventilation |
124 (27.9%) |
0 (0%) |
35 (23%) |
89
(65%) |
Invasive ventilation |
64 (14.4%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
64
(46.7%) |
Oxygen support |
278 (62.5%) |
8 (5.1%)ii
|
135 (88.8%) |
135 (98.5%) |
Antibiotics |
236 (53%) |
25 (16%) |
86 (56.6%) |
125
(91.2%) |
Azithromycin |
164 (36.9%) |
16 (10.3%) |
68 (44.7%) |
80
(58.4%) |
Hydroxychloroquine |
139 (31.2%) |
11 (7.1%) |
67 (44.1%) |
61
(44.5%) |
Chloroquine |
10 (2.2%) |
1 (0.6%) |
4 (2.6%) |
5
(3.6%) |
Tocilizumab |
86 (19.3%) |
0 (0%) |
21 (13.8%) |
64
(46.7%) |
Oseltamivir |
9 (2%) |
0 (0%) |
3 (2%) |
6 (4.4%) |
Lopinavir/Ritonavir |
3 (0.7%) |
0 (0%) |
1 (0.7%) |
2
(1.5%) |
Systemic steroids |
249 (56%) |
6 (3.8%)iii
|
120 (78.9%) |
123 (89.8%) |
Vasopressors |
59 (13.3%) |
0 (0%) |
1 (0.7%) |
58
(42.3%) |
Complications |
|
|
|
|
ARDS |
122 (27.4%) |
0 (0%) |
19 (12.5%) |
103
(75.2%) |
Septic Shock |
62 (13.9%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
62
(45.3%) |
MODS |
44 (9.9%) |
0 (0%) |
3 (2%) |
41 (29.9%) |
Nosocomial Infection |
59 (13.3%) |
1 (0.6%) |
10 (6.6%) |
48
(35%) |
AKI |
96 (21.6%) |
5 (3.2%) |
21 (13.8%) |
70 (51.1%) |
NSTEMI |
46 (10.3%) |
1 (0.6%) |
9 (5.9%) |
36
(26.3%) |
Length of stay [median (IQR) days |
5 (3-9) |
3 (2-5) |
6 (4-9) |
8
(5-14) |
Dead |
58 (13%) |
0 (0%) |
3 (2%) |
55 (40.1%) |
Discharged |
360 (80.9%) |
144 (92.3%) |
142 (93.4%) |
74
(54%) |
Left against medical advice (LAMA) |
27 (6.1%) |
12 (7.7%) |
7 (4.6%) |
8 (5.8%) |