Predictive variables
Maternal age was defined as age in years at the time of stillbirth and live birth, respectively. Maternal weight (in kg) was obtained at first visit. BMI was grouped as underweight (≤18.5 kg‎/m2), normal weight (18.6-24.9 kg‎/m2), pre-obesity (25-29.9 kg‎/m2), Obesity Class I (30-34.9 kg‎/m2), Obesity Class II (35-39.9 kg‎/m2) and Obesity Class III (≥40 kg‎/m2). Ethnicity was self-reported by the pregnant woman at first visit and categorized into white, black, South Asian, East Asian and mixed. Smoking was defined as current smoker or non-smoker at antenatal booking or time of stillbirth. Gravidity was defined as the number of current pregnancy. Parity was defined as the number of previous deliveries (including stillbirths) above 24+0 gestational weeks or with a fetal weight of or above 500g. Medical and obstetric history including type 1 and 2 diabetes and respective treatment (diet, insulin, metformin), chronic hypertension, SLE, APS and previous pre-eclampsia were manually retrieved from the women’s medical records.