Figure 1. Presentation forms, causal factors and treatment options
for persistent nasal symptoms in athletes.
Persistent nasal symptoms (column 1) in athletes can be due to either
mucosal pathology (rhinitis or rhinosinusitis) or structural pathology
(column 2). Within these groups, it is important to distinguish between
the different causal factors (column 3) in order to choose an
individually adapted treatment modality (column 4).