Inclusion and exclusion criteria
From October 2018 to September 2020, a cryoballoon PVI was performed in
patients with drug refractory AF. All patients received sedation and a
subsequent ASV treatment was applied during the procedure. Consecutive
patients undergoing a cryoballoon PVI with ASV support under sedation
were enrolled in this study. The LAPs before and after the ASV support
were sequentially evaluated in all these patients.
Exclusion criteria were severe valvular disease, hemodialysis, severe
coronary artery disease, a LA diameter > 55mm, and the
existence of a thrombus in the LA.
Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. This study
protocol was approved by the institutional review board of our institute
and conformed to the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of
Helsinki.