Ablation procedure
The method of the cryoballoon ablation has been previously described8. In brief, a steerable 15 Fr sheath (Flexcath) and second-generation 28mm cryoballoon (Arctic Front Advance, Medtronic) were inserted into the LA and advanced to the orifice of the targeted PVs. Then, the cryoballoon PVI was started. The entire PVI procedure was performed under ASV support.