Figure legends
Figure 1. Hypothetical dispersal kernels for soil mesofaunal lineages with different passive dispersal potential (A ) and map of Tenerife with the distribution of sampled sites (left) and zonal distribution of habitats on the island (right) (B ). Within (A ), the high passive dispersal of species in (left) allows species cohesion over larger geographic distances than in (right), with a lower passive dispersal. Modified from Andújar et al. (2017).
Figure 2. Richness of soil mesofaunal lineages by sample (alpha diversity, A ), mean endemicity by sample (B ), total accumulated richness (local-scale richness or gamma diversity,C ), mean β diversity among samples (C ), and richness accumulation curves (D ) for haplotypes (left), 3% OTUs (middle), and 15% lineages (right) by habitat (laurel forest, pine forest, dry scrublands, and thermophilous woodlands). The significance of Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test (post-hoc comparisons using Bonferroni correction) is indicated for panels (A ) and (B ).
Figure 3. Non-parametric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordinations (A ) and distance decay of genetic similarity (B ) for soil mesofaunal samples. NMDSs represent the variation in community composition (Simpson index, βsim) for haplotype, 3% similarity OTUs, and 15% similarity lineages. Explained variation (r2) and significance (p) of habitat as a grouping factor from the permutational ANOVAs over the community dissimilarity matrixes are shown. Distance decay is plotted at multiple levels of genetic similarity (from haplotypes, black, to 15% genetic similarity, pale grey) within the four habitats (laurel forest, La; pine forest, Pi; dry scrubland, Ds; and thermophilous woodland, Tw).
Figure 4. Histograms showing the distribution of OTUs (A ) and 15% lineages (B ) according to the number of sites (left) and the number of haplotypes (middle). Graphs on the right indicate the number of OTUs and 15% lineages found in either one or multiple sites, and the number of OTUs and 15% lineages with one or multiple haplotypes. Also indicated for (A ) is the number of OTUs with a similarity match ≥ 97% and ≥ 99 with reference sequences from outside the Canary Islands, and for (B) the number of lineages with one or multiple OTUs.
Figure 5. Venn diagrams showing distribution of OTUs (A ) and 15% lineages (B ) among habitats (laurel forest, La; pine forest, Pi; dry scrubland, Ds; and thermophilous woodland, Tw). Venn diagrams illustrate patterns of exclusive and shared OTUs and 15% lineages. In parenthesis the following are respectively indicated: the total number of OTUs and 15% lineages (“L”), and the number of those collected in a single site (“S”). Barplots on the right represent the proportion and number of OTUs and 15% lineages sampled in more than two, three, four, and five sites that are considered to have high habitat specificity (≥ 80% of sampled sites from a single habitat).
Figure 6. Graph showing the number of 15% lineages with genetic diversity significantly structured with increasing spatial distance (orange) and with genetic diversity significantly structured by habitat (purple) (A ), and examples of lineages with and without significant habitat and spatial structure (B , C , andD ). Estimations in A considered only lineages for which the product of the number of sites by the number of haplotypes is ≥ 15. Graphs in B, C, and D represent the correlation between corrected geographical distance (x axis) and genetic similarity (y axis) (left) and haplotype networks (right). Circle size represents the number of sites where haplotypes are found, and colour represents the habitat (laurel forest, yellow; pine forest, red; dry scrubland, blue; and thermophilous woodland, green).