Citizen 1 – Finn, ‘wellbeing’ teacher
I check the Q-code again for some ethical information and find that my fish was produced by a company that has ‘equitable mariculture’ certification. The company is committed to equitable sharing of benefits across different stakeholder groups, both direct and indirect beneficiaries. The company also supports women’s entrepreneurial activity and engages them in higher value nodes in fish value chains. The company has partnered with government and NGOs to help set up women fisherfolk organisations that have increased women’s participation and leadership in collective action in sustainable fisheries.

Identifying key actions to underpin pathways for change

The pathways identified to move to a more sustainable 2030 are highly interconnected and realising a more sustainable 2030 will only occur through shifting away from Business-as-usual across the range of drivers identified here, as well drivers not considered here. For example, greater ocean literacy is needed to improve societal understanding of the ocean (Kelly et al. in review) and the role of food must be understood in the broader framing of the links between human and ocean health (Nash et al. in review-a). A total of 23 actions that underpin the pathways to a more sustainable 2030 were identified (Table S3). Some of these actions, such as the diversification of production and consumption, will be influenced by a range of drivers (Table 2, Figure S1). Others, for example awareness raising on the nutritional value of seafood, may be influenced by relatively few of the drivers identified. Some of the actions, such as policies to support domestic seafood sectors, will contribute to many of the pathways to a more sustainable future. Other actions, such as better use of waste and sustainable feed inputs, will contribute to one or two of our identified pathways. All actions are equally important, but identifying specific actions that contribute to the most pathways may be more impactful than implementing actions that contribute to achieving a single pathway. Prioritising actions that not only sustainably produce more seafood, but consider aspects of access and utilisation for all is essential. Prioritised actions are shown in Table 2 as examples of options to stimulate action in preparation for the UN Ocean Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development to ensure that the goal of food for all is highlighted. Implementation of these actions will need to consider the effect of multiple, often competing drivers and the appropriateness of implementation at a range of scales, for example at local or global, in the near or distant future. The actions will need to be implemented by a variety of groups and result in a range of benefits.
Table 2 Priority actions, their drivers and the multiple pathways they can support, with one example of a specific action to implement the key action, including timeframe, who will undertake the action and who will benefit. More detailed information on all actions available in Table S3 and Figure S1.