Uncovering the role of Cow urine as bioenhancer investigated towards
network pharmacology
Abstract
Traditional Indian medicine practice (Ayurveda) emphasized the role of
“panchgavya” five products from Bos indicus for human welfare.
Ayurveda classics, “Sushruta Samhita,” “Ashtanga Sangraha,” alluded
to the therapeutic potential of pristine cow urine (CU) as drug or drug
ingredients. Compelling evidence is exhibiting the innumerable medicinal
properties of CU; accordingly, this elixir can directly treat complex
ailments such as leprosy, tuberculosis, and fever. Also, the classics
narrated many formulations that have utilized CU for the preparation of
drugs, supplemented to enhance the potency. This practice is more
empirical, and only a few experimental evidence is supporting the claim
are known. The associated mechanisms are poorly understood and so
rendered its appeal to the limited mass. The study aims to investigate
bio-enhancer like properties of CU towards network pharmacology. For
that, 25 medicines having anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral,
enzyme inhibitors, and anti-inflammatory actions selected as a
reference. Network analysis for twenty chemotypes found in CU was
carried out. First, through enrichment analysis, the KEGG and GO terms
were obtained. Second, we performed protein-protein interaction studies
to screen more targets. Towards this, the drug-protein and CU- protein
interactions networks built separately and processed.