Materials and Methods
Patient data were collected from a database that included surgical intervention, preoperative comorbidities, as well as postoperative complications and outcomes. 2,912 patients who had undergone either a MV repair or replacement from 2004-2018 at the Mazankowski Heart Institute, University of Alberta Hospital were included in the database. Follow up information and outcomes from all post-operative assessments performed at the University of Alberta Hospital were also included. Approval for this study was obtained from the local research ethics board. Individual waiver for consent was granted by the local research ethics board.