Conclusion
In conclusion, in this study, we found that generally, APV decreased, and EFT and CIMT increased as CKD progress. Our findings suggest that increased EFT and CIMT, and decreased APV are closely associated with reduced GFR in CKD patients. APV, EFT, and CIMT might be used for risk assessment in various stages of CKD. The present study suggests that APV, EFT, and CIMT might be incorporated with the examination of CKD patients in daily practice.