Results
The clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients are shown
in Table 1. Patients were classified into five groups according to the
GFR levels (stage I-V). Patients in stage II-III-V were older than stage
I and IV. Body mass index and gender were similar between the CKD
groups. While DM and smoking were similar in the groups, CAD was mostly
observed in stage V. Stage IV patients had a significantly higher rate
of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. In hematology analysis, white blood
cell count and hemoglobin were the lowest in stage IV-V. In the
biochemical analysis, the highest creatinine value was observed in stage
IV-V. Stage IV patients had the lowest C-reactive protein value.
In the echocardiographic analysis, the left ventricular ejection
fraction was similar in the CKD stages. The lowest APV was observed in
stage IV-V, and the highest APV was observed in stage I-II
(p<0.001) (Figure 3A). Stage IV-V patients had the highest
EFT, and stage I-II patients had the lowest EFT (p<0.001)
(Figure-3B). Moreover, the lowest CIMT was observed in stage III, and
the highest APV was observed in stage V (p<0.001) (Figure 3C).
The correlation among the GFR, APV, EFT, and CIMT is shown in table 2.
GFR was significantly and positively correlated with APV and negatively
correlated with EFT and CIMT (Figure 4-6). APV was significantly and
negatively correlated with EFT (r=-0.401 p<0.001) and CIMT
(r=-0.628 p<0.001). EFT values had a significantly positive
correlation with CIMT (r=0.522 p<0.001).
Multivariate linear regression analyses of the association between the
GFR and multiple parameters are listed in table 3. In multivariate
analyses, APV (OR: 0.289, p<0.001), EFT (OR: -0.135,
p<0.001) and CIMT (OR: -0.388, p<0.001) were
independent predictors of GFR.