Conclusion
Avian influenza virus antibody (6.62 %) and antigen (3.85 %) were
detected in some wild birds in Zaria and its environs. To the best of
our knowledge, this study confirms the first report of AIV antibody
detection in mallards in Zaria, Nigeria. Also, this is the first report
on the detection of AIV antigen in Senegalese parrot in Nigeria. These
birds therefore could play significant roles in the natural spread of
AI. Therefore, interaction between these species of wild birds and
domestic poultry should be limited to minimize spread of AI. Also,
further studies on the isolation and characterization of avian influenza
virus from wild birds should be carried out.