Figures:
Figure 1 . Preoperative CT angiogram (3D view) demonstrating
multiple calcified plaques in the ascending and descending aorta.
Figure 2 . Preoperative hemodynamic study with tracings of the
electrocardiogram. Panel A shows fixed midventricular
obstruction. Panel B shows dynamic subaortic obstruction with a
marked increase in gradient following a premature ventricular
contraction. Panel C the arrows show ventricular discordance
(interdependence) with an increase in right ventricular pressure and a
simultaneous decrease in left ventricular pressure during inspiration
suggesting constrictive pericarditis.
ECG: electrocardiogram (white line); LVP: left ventricular pressure
(blue line); AP: aortic pressure (green line); LAP: left atrial pressure
(red line); RVP: right ventricular pressure (gray line).