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Legend: The results represent the medium ± standard deviation of 8-10 determinations per treatment, estimated of serum levels of fructosamine. ANOVA was determined and the letters indicate that there was significant difference of Tukey-Kramer test, adopting p<0,05.
The hyperglycemic, with consequent increase in ROS, reduces the levels of nitric oxide (NO) by activating the aldose reductase. The increase in the flow through the polyols route, induced by the increase in ROS, determines higher conversion of glucose to sorbitol, reducing NADPH and glutathione (intracellular antioxidant) and increasing the oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia. Sorbitol is converted to fructose, resulting in an increase in the NADH : NAD+ ratio, which would increase the synthesis de diacylglycerol (DAG), the main physiological activator of protein kinase C (PKC) [Reis, Veloso, Mattos, Purish & Nogueira. 2008].
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